Bonjour à tous et à toutes. est ce que vous pouvez m'aider car j'ai 2 questions sur la photo et le texte que je vais le faire après avoir poser les 2 questions, les voici:

1.What is the definition of a trait?

2.What was the main theory about the traits passing from a generation to another 150 yeats ago?

Voici la suite du texte:
with each other,Mendel found that approximately 75% of the second generation inherited the same trait as their parents (i.e. the purple flowers of the first generation of offspring). The remaining 25% expressed the second trait of the original parents (e.g white flowers),the trait that appeared to be lost in the first generation offspring.

Mendel's conclusions

Following three generations of cross-breeding Mendel produced three significant conclusions regarding genetic inheritance. His first conclusion was that each trait is passed on unchanged to offspring via units of inheritance. These units are now known as"alleles".

Mendel's second conclusion, offspring inherit one allele from each parent for each characteristic. His thrid and final conclusion was that some alleles may not ve expressee in an individual but can still be passed on to the next generation.

Alleles, genotype and phenotype

Alleles and genotypes are important foundations of genetics .An allele is a particuliar form of a gene and they are passed from parents to their offspring. A genotype is the combination of two alleles, one received from each parent.

The physical expression of a genotype is called the phenotype. The specific combination of the two alleles(genotype) influences the physical expression( the phenotype) of the physical trait that the alleles carry information for. The phenotype can also be influenced by the environment.

Conclusion

Mendel'swork has been heavily built upon over the past 150 years and the field of genetics has come a long way since his pea experiments. His work set the foundation for our understanding of genetic inheritance in animals, plants and other complex organisms.

The process of inheritance is hugely important for understanding the complexity of lifz on Earth,in particular for its role in sexual reproduction and evolution. For this, Mendel's contributions to science, biology and genetics are still widely recognized and applauded within the scientific community.

Fin

Merci d'avance.